Interlaminar Shear Strength Properties Research Articles

Carbon-nanotube-grafted glass-fiber-reinforced composites: Synthesis and mechanical properties

Glass fibers (GFs) are commonly used as reinforcements for advanced polymer composites. To improve the interfacial shear properties and mechanical properties of GF-reinforced composites (GFRPs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are directly grafted onto GFs using chemical vapor deposition (CVD). However, this process requires high temperatures, which causes thermal degradation of GFs, deteriorating their mechanical properties. In this study, a low-temperature CNT-grafting process was investigated using a bimetallic catalyst introduced onto a GF fiber surface via precursor solutions. The mechanical properties of the CNT-grafted GFs fabricated at different CVD temperatures were evaluated; they consistently showed low tensile strengths at temperatures above 400 °C. Subsequently, various CNT-grafted GFRPs were manufactured, and their mechanical properties were characterized. Interestingly, the flexural strengths of the composites increased with maintained tensile strength, despite a deterioration of the CNT-grafted GF reinforcements due to the CVD process. This could be attributed to the improved interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of the CNT-grafted GFs at the fiber level, and the enhanced compressive strength and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of CNT-grafted GFRPs at the composite level. Considering the properties of GF through CVD processes, particularly in relation to temperature, and factors such as IFSS, ILSS, tensile, compressive and flexural properties of composite materials, grafting CNTs on GF via a CVD system demonstrated its highest optimality at 450 °C.

Effectiveness of natural dye adsorption on ILSS and optical properties of bio synthesised TiO2 nano particles and reinforced with flax seed fiber/epoxy based hybrid composites

The study explores how dyes can improve the strength and optical properties of composites made from flax seed fiber and epoxy, which are incorporated with biosynthesised TiO2 nanoparticles derived from the Curcuma longa plant. The TiO2 nanoparticles were produced using a synthesis method that involved curcumin from Curcuma longa as a reducing and stabilizing agent. By introducing dyes to these composites, it enhances the bonding between layers. Optimizes their ability to absorb UV light. The research findings analyze how the ILSS (interlaminar shear strength) improves by adding natural dye additives and measurable enhancements in their optical characteristics. The results indicate that composite materials containing 5 wt% of nanoTiO2 exhibit the ILSS value (52.31 MPa). This is because the TiO2 particles are evenly distributed throughout the substance at this concentration. The crystal orientation and size (71.02 nm) of biosynthesized TiO2 nanoparticles were determined using X-ray diffraction techniques. Regarding optical properties, observations were made across a wavelength range of 450–2300 nm. Compared to a surface, it was observed that incorporating dyes into adsorbents led to increased absorption and reduced transparency across light wavelengths. This study offers insights into the uses of composites infused with natural dyes in sustainable engineering and materials that protect against sunlight.

Effects of reactive and non-reactive tackifying agents on mechanical neat resin and composite performance for preforming processes and Liquid Resin Infusion (LRI) techniques

Preforming processes can be used for automated manufacturing of fiber reinforced polymers. Different technologies are used for processing of dry textile fabrics into 2D or 3D preforms. Due to missing tack of dry fabrics, auxiliary binder systems are used for fixation of the fabrics onto a substrate material and in order to achieve sufficient adhesion between layers. In this study, seven reactive and non-reactive tackifying agents have been dissolved in neat resin samples of three epoxy resin systems, showing different degrees of solubility and a variation on neat resin tensile properties (ΔσAVG = 20%) as well as a reduction on thermal properties (up to ΔTg = −18 °C). Subsequently, fiber reinforced polymers were manufactured using Liquid Resin Infusion techniques in order to characterize the influence of binder systems on water absorption (cs,max = 1.38 wt%) and Interlaminar Shear Strength (ILSS). It was shown that ILSS properties are negatively affected by non-reactive tackifying agents (up to −27%).

Characterization of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polyphenylene Sulfide Composite Under Interlaminar Shear Strength

Aerospace industry is seeking thermoplastic composites materials due to several advantages over thermoset material and one of them is mechanical properties. Mechanical properties of thermoplastic composite materials are found to be superior compared to thermoset materials. High strength fibre composites parts are made of several plies with different fibre orientation with a designed balanced of lay-up sequence. Interlaminar Shear Strength (ILSS) is an essential consideration when designing laminated structures exposed to transverse stresses. It is to predict quality and strength of laminate levels of composite due to, composite failure cannot be observed directly to the propagation of single macroscopic crack when subjected to cyclic loading. This test is employed to evaluate both the interfacial adhesion of the matrix and the influence of the reinforcement on the mechanical characteristics of the composite. This study provides the understanding of ILSS test of 2 different thickness for 6 and 8 plies Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polyphenylene Sulfide (CF/PPS) according to the testing standard EN 2563. The results show that 8 plies have higher ILSS properties compared to 6 plies. The fractography of the CF/PPS composite under Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) shows good agreement with the experimental values which was recorded 8 plies can withstand to shear strength of 79 MPa with maximum load applied was 2.738kN while, 6 plies recorded 75 MPa on shear strength with load of 1.971kN. More damage/cracks on 6 plies specimen compared to 8 plies.

Enhancement in Mechanical Properties of Glass/Epoxy Composites by a Hybrid Combination of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Nanoparticles

In this work, an attempt was made to improve the mechanical performance of glass fibre-reinforced polymer composites by adding multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and graphene nanoparticles (GNP) and their hybrid combination at different weight fractions (0.1 to 0.3%). Composite laminates with three different configurations (unidirectional [0°]12, cross-ply [0°/90°]3s, and angle-ply [±45°]3s) were manufactured using the compression moulding method. Characterisation tests such as quasistatic compression, flexural, and interlaminar shear strength properties were carried out per ASTM standards. Failure analysis was carried out through optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results showed a substantial enhancement with the 0.2% hybrid combination of MWCNTs, and GNPs showed 80% and 74% in the compressive strength and compressive modulus, respectively. Similarly, flexural strength, modulus, and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) increased by 62%, 205%, and 298%, respectively, compared to neat glass/epoxy resin composite. Beyond the 0.2% of fillers, the properties started to degrade due to the agglomeration of MWCNTs/GNPs. The order of layups per mechanical performance was UD, followed by CP and AP.

Effects of different weaving patterns on thermomechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of Kevlar/pineapple leaf fiber hybrid composites

AbstractIn the present study, different weaving patterns (plain, twill, and basket types) on intra‐ply Kevlar and pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) woven hybrid fabrics with epoxy matrix composites were fabricated using compression molding process and their thermomechanical and dynamic mechanical characteristics were examined. From the results, it was evident that pure Kevlar composites have the best flexural, impact, and interlaminar shear strength properties of all composites. However, the basket type weaving pattern on intra‐ply hybrid composites possesses better flexural strength of 282 MPa and flexural modulus of 6 GPa, the impact strength of 16.3 kJ/m2, interlaminar shear strength of 3.43 MPa. Moreover, it is observed that the pure Kevlar and twill type weaving patterns have better thermal stability compared to the remaining composites. The dynamic mechanical analysis results observed plain type intra‐ply hybrid composites possess enhanced storage modulus, loss modulus, and tan delta values due to their greater interfacial adhesion between Kevlar and PALF fiber with epoxy matrix. The differential scanning calorimetry results showed both basket weave and twill weave hybrid composites had the greatest glass transition temperature values of 78 and 76°C, respectively. Further, the thermomechanical analysis showed basket type hybrid composites have the lowest coefficient of thermal expansion and highest glass transition temperature value of 63.34°C. To conclude, these intra‐ply hybrid composites have enhanced mechanical strength and thermal stability, indicating suitable automotive interior parts applications.

Enhancement of tensile, flexural and ILSS properties of C-epoxy composites with the addition of ETBN toughener and Af-MWCNTs

The objective of this research is to develop a hybrid composite with a unique combination of features such as tensile, flexural and Interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) properties. It is a present need for components used in underwater, aerospace, defence and automotive applications, as parts are subjected to a variety of loading conditions, including tensile, bending and shearing. Carbon fibre reinforced epoxy (C-epoxy) composite is modified by adding epoxy terminated butadiene acrylonitrile (ETBN) liquid rubber and amino-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Af-MWCNTs). With the addition of ETBN, the tensile, flexural and ILSS properties were improved by 38%, 46% and 80%, respectively. The addition of 0.5wt% of Af-MWCNTs improved the tensile and flexural strengths by a maximum of 59% and 61%, respectively. In contrast, the maximum improvement in ILSS of 120% was obtained at 1.0 wt.% of Af-MWCNTs. The unique combination of C-epoxy-ETBN-Af-MWCNTs led to the formation of the serrated surface at the fibre matrix interface, which caused improved energy absorption. The toughening mechanisms which are responsible for the improvement in properties are discussed and the results are validated through finite element analysis (FEA).

Improving Electromagnetic Interference Shielding While Retaining Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber-Based Composites by Introducing Carbon Nanofiber Sheet into Laminate Structure.

The demands for carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRCs) are growing in the aviation industry for fuel consumption savings, despite the increasing risk of electromagnetic interference (EMI). In this work, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) sheets were prepared by electrospinning. Carbon nanofiber (CNF) sheets were obtained by the carbonization of PAN sheets. The laminate structures of the CF reinforced bismaleimide (BMI)-based composites were specially designed by introducing two thin CNF sheets in the upper and bottom plies, according to EMI shielding theory. The results showed that the introduction of CNF sheets led to a substantial increase in the EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) by 35.0% compared with CFRCs free of CNF sheets. The dominant EMI shielding mechanism was reflection. Noticeably, the introduction of CNF sheets did not impact the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of CFRCs, indicating that the strategy provided in this work was feasible for fabricating CFRCs with a high EMI shielding performance without sacrificing their mechanical properties. Therefore, the satisfactory EMI shielding and ILSS properties, coupled with a high service temperature, made BMI-based composites a promising candidate in some specific fields, such as high-speed aircrafts and missiles.

Effect of Layering Sequence on Impact Properties of Alkali Treated Phoenix Pusilla Fibers-Glass-Carbon Fabrics Reinforced Hybrid Composite Laminates

ABSTRACT This work aims to evaluate the effect of stacking sequence on impact properties of polymer hybrid composites comprising randomly oriented Phoenix pusilla leaf fibers (PPFs), woven E-glass, and carbon fabrics. The PPFs were treated with 6% (w/v) NaOH solution for a period of 45 min. The composite laminates are produced through manual hand lay-up method by arranging treated PPFs, E-glass, and carbon fabrics in different layering sequences and impact and interlaminar shear strength properties were evaluated. The results showed that hybrid composites with carbon as outer layers exhibit an improved impact and an interlaminar strength property as compared to remaining hybrid laminates. Scanning electron microscopy investigation was also carried out on the fractured specimens in this work. This work is a part of exploring the use of hybrid composite prepared for some potential engineering applications.

Mechanical Characterization of Areca Fiber and Coconut Shell Powder Reinforced Hybrid Composites

The use of natural fibers in polymer matrix composites are increases because of their advantages like good stiffness, strength, environmental friendly, low cost and biodegradable. In the present investigation, hybrid fiber reinforced composites are fabricated using areca fiber and coconut shell powder (CSP) as reinforcement in epoxy resin. Unidirectional areca fiber and CSP reinforced epoxy composites were fabricated by varying the overall fiber loading (10, 20, 30, and 40 wt.%) and different weight ratios of areca fiber and CSP (1:1, 1:3, and 3:1). Effect of fiber loading and weight ratio on mechanical properties like tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), impact energy and surface hardness of hybrid composites were evaluate experimentally. All the hybrid composite samples fabrication and mechanical testing was done as per ASTM standards. The experimental investigation reveals that the tensile, flexural and ILSS properties show their maximum values at 30 wt.% of fiber loading with areca fiber and CSP weight ratio as 1:1. From the impact and hardness results it has been found that composites with areca fiber and CSP weight ratio as 3:1 and 1:1 respectively shows their maximum values at 40 wt.% of fiber loading. Interfacial analysis of the hybrid composites were also observed by using scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Morphological, mechanical, and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness characteristics of glass fiber/epoxy resin/MWCNT buckypaper composites

AbstractGlass fiber/epoxy resin composites (GF/EP) using one and three multi‐walled carbon nanotube buckypapers (BP) were obtained and their complex parameters, reflectivity, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) at X‐band (8.2–12.4 GHz) and Ku‐band (12.4–18 GHz) were evaluated. The preparation of BP used polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers (PF These composites show both large storage and energy loss capacity in both bands revealing promising results related to EMI SE applications. Besides, a high attenuation of around 67% and 72% were achieved for BP based composites. The cross‐section view of the buckypaper and the laminates was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The incorporation of the CNT film into the laminates showed no improvements in the elastic properties through dynamic mechanical analyses (DMA). Nevertheless, a decrease in the shear properties by the compression shear test (CST) and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) has been observed. GF/EP/BP/PF composite presented a reduction of 29 and 39% in its ILSS properties compared to the base laminate (GF/EP). Also, the decrease was even more significant, revealing a steep reduction in its CST properties. On the other hand, the removal of the pan nanofiber (PF) led to better mechanical properties for GF/EP/BP/RPF composites. Results have shown ILSS values of 47.4 ± 2.2 MPa which are close to the base laminate (52.4 ± 3.1 MPa). The removal of the PF provided larger porous in the CNT network, making the impregnation by epoxy easier in the BP/RPF which resulted in improved shear properties compared to GF/EP/BP/PF samples.

Effect of Aramid Fabric Orientation Angle on the Mechanical Characteristics of Basalt-Aramid/Epoxy Hybrid Interply Composites

This study investigates the effect of aramid fabric orientation angle on the mechanical characteristics of 2-D basalt-aramid/epoxy hybrid interply composites. Hybrid laminates were fabricated by sandwiching three layers of basalt between the aramid face sheets using compression molding process. The composites were tested for tensile, flexural, interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and Charpy impact test to understand the influence of aramid fabric orientation angle on the mechanical behaviour of hybrid composites. Results show that mechanical strengths of the hybrid laminates decline with increase in the orientation angle of aramid fabric. The (01A/03B/01A) composite possess the highest tensile, flexural, ILSS and impact properties followed by (301A/03B/301A) and (451A/03B/451A) composites. The fractured samples were analysed to identify the failure modes using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscope. The examination revealed that primary reason for (301A/03B/301A) and (451A/03B/451A) specimen failure was due to the delamination, fibre pull out and matrix crack. Strong interfacial bonding was observed between the fibre and matrix in case of (01A/03B/01A) composites.

Hybrid Effect of PJFs/E-glass/Carbon Fabric Reinforced Hybrid Epoxy Composites for Structural Applications

ABSTRACT Over the last few decades the researchers around the universe are recommending for increased utilization of biodegradable and greener substances for various engineering and commercial applications. The natural fiber composites have been found to be an effective solution for their suggestions mainly because of their gigantic availability and easier processing techniques. The main objective of this article is to assess the hybridization effects of different laminate stacking sequence of PJFs/glass/carbon fabric-reinforced epoxy hybrid composites through impact and interlaminar shear strength properties of five different resulting composite laminates. The hybrid composite laminates were fabricated using the manual hand lay-up technique. Scanning electron microscopy fractography analysis was conducted to scrutinize the void content, fiber-matrix adhesion, and pull out properties of the fractured specimens. The evaluation of mechanical properties and fractured surface studies signifies the improved impact and interlaminar shear properties as well as better interfacial adhesion between fibers and matrix.

Effect of Graphene Additive on Flexural and Interlaminar Shear Strength Properties of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite

Composite materials are widely used in various manufacturing fields from aeronautic and aerospace industries to the automotive industry. This is due to their outstanding mechanical properties with respect to their light weight. However, some studies showed that the major flaws of these materials are located at the fiber/matrix interface. Therefore, enhancing matrix adhesion properties could significantly improve the overall material characteristics. This study aims to analyze the effect of graphene particles on the adhesion properties of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) through interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and flexural testing. Seven modified epoxy resins were prepared with different graphene contents. The CFRP laminates were next manufactured using a method that guarantees a repeatable and consistent fiber volume fraction with a low porosity level. Short beam shear and flexural tests were performed to compare the effect of graphene on the mechanical properties of the different laminates. It was found that 0.25 wt.% of graphene filler enhanced the flexural strength by 5%, whilst the higher concentrations (2 and 3 wt.%) decreased the flexural strength by about 7%. Regarding the ILSS, samples with low concentrations (0.25 and 0.5 wt.%) demonstrated a decent increase. Meanwhile, 3 wt.% slightly decreases the ILSS.

Development of advanced fiber‐reinforced polymer composites by polymer hybridization technique: Emphasis on cure kinetics, mechanical, and thermomechanical performance

ABSTRACTPolymer hybridization technique, consisting of an interlayer arrangement of different polymers, acts as the most economical and promising technique in augmenting the glass fiber‐reinforced polymer composite's mechanical properties. This investigation focuses on the effect of cure kinetics on the flexural behavior of glass‐polymer hybrid (GPH) composite, and also elucidates the comparative analysis on the mechanical behavior of glass‐epoxy (GE) composite, glass‐vinyl ester (GVE) composite, and GPH composite. The optimal postcuring temperature has been found to be 200°C for GPH composite among the other postcuring temperatures conducted at 140, 170, and 230°C. Among all these abovementioned composites, highest flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength properties have been recorded by the 200°C postcured GPH composite leading to 10.87 and 18.76% increment, respectively, compared with GE composite. Furthermore, thermomechanical characterization has been done to know the viscoelastic behavior of the GPH composite postcured at different temperatures using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. The fracture morphology of flexural tested composite samples demonstrated a combination of failure modes. Relevant information on the chemical restructuring and fracture morphology of experimented composite material using Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has also been studied.

Effect of Bath Concentration during Electrophoretic Deposition on the Interfacial Behaviour of Hybrid CFRP Composites

Carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites a perfect structural material due to their outstanding malleable strength, great rigidity, light mass and pronounced thermal resistance. But their inferior out-of-plane properties which are controlled by the matrix–fibre interface restrict the use of CFRP composites in critical applications. Amalgamation of nanofiller in the CFRP composites has found to improve the matrix-fibre interface and there by out-of-plane response. Though matrix modification has contributed to the improvement of interface, fibre modification has a scope for higher levels of nanofiller incorporation and proper fibre nanofiller adhesion. Out of several methods available for fibre modification electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is an eye-catching method for monitoring as well for nanofiller deposition. In recent ages, Graphene has grabbed wonderful consideration Among the graphene based functionalised nanofillers Carboxyl functionalized Graphene (G-COOH) modified CFRP composites have shown better ILSS properties. This research primarily aims to fabricate a CFRP composite using G-COOH modified carbon fibres with varying nanofiller concentrations of 0.5g/ltr, 1g/ltr and 1.5g/ltr in the EPD bath and its impact on the mechanical properties of the FRP composites. The laminates thus obtained were subjected to short beam shear test for the determination of inter laminar shear strength (ILSS). Fractography of the tested samples to observe various failure modes has been carried out by using scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Compressive and Interlaminar Shear Strength Properties of Biaxial Fibreglass Laminates Hybridized with Jute Fibre Produced by Vacuum Infusion

ABSTRACT In this work, compressive and interlaminar shear properties of hybrid laminates were evaluated in order to fulfill the gap regarding the analysis of these mechanical properties and their importance for hybrid composites with natural fiber. Laminates of epoxy and jute fabric with non-woven glass fabrics were manufactured by vacuum infusion. Three hybrid laminates were produced with different orientation of their layers. Fiber weight fraction was 60% and density was 20% lower than glass fiber-reinforced composites. The hybrid laminates with jute fabric showed lower compressive and interlaminar shear strength compared to the glass fiber laminates, and the best compressive strength result was presented by the hybrid laminate with layers oriented 0/90°. The fractures of laminates were evaluated by an optical microscope. In the hybridized laminates, mainly in short beam testing, the failures occurred between jute layers whereas in compression failures were identified in the bordering surface of the glass and jute layer and in some regions with excess of resin. These results suggest that the hybrid laminates configurations developed and analyzed in this work can be successfully applied to mold components in composites, arising as an environmentally friendly option to the glass fiber-reinforced composites.

Experimental and numerical characterization of mechanical properties of hemp fiber reinforced composites using multiscale analysis approach

Synthetic fibers are mainly considered as a source of reinforcement in many composites that have been studied so far. As a continuous effort is being made in the entire world to develop more sustainable products and systems, fibers obtained from natural sources (hemp, flax, jute, etc.) are being considered as substitutes to the synthetic fibers which are commonly used these days. In this study, the tensile, flexural and interlaminar shear strength properties of hemp fiber composites, bonded with an epoxy matrix, are characterized. Three-point bending tests were conducted on the hemp fiber composites and their failure modes were inspected using micrographs and documented. The short-beam shear method was utilized to investigate the interlaminar shear strength of these composites. Hemp fiber composites were found to have considerably lower flexural strength as compared to typical glass fiber/epoxy composites. Lastly, multiscale analyses were performed for the tensile case to predict the response of these composites by conducting simulations at fiber tows and matrix level rather than using typical finite element approach of homogenized properties at ply level with Altair’s multiscale designer software (MDS). In the multiscale macro-simulations, a unit cell with twill weave configuration was developed, and the response of the unit cell under tensile loadings was compared to the experiment results. Excellent Correlation was achieved between numerical and experimental results for unnotched tension/compression MDS macro-simulation. A parametric study was conducted to investigate the effect of fiber tow minor radius on the tensile response of the hemp/epoxy composites keeping rest of the geometric parameters of unit cell similar. The smaller minor tow radius predicted higher yield and ultimate strengths as compared to larger ones. A stochastic analysis was also performed to investigate the effects of variations in the geometric unit cell parameters on the young’s modulus of hemp/epoxy composite.

Effect of environmental conditioning on the properties of thermosetting- and thermoplastic-matrix composite materials by resin infusion for marine applications

Glass-fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminates were manufactured using Vacuum assisted Resin Transfer Moulding (VaRTM) with a range of thermosetting resins and an infusible thermoplastic resin as part of a comprehensive down-selection to identify suitable commercially available resin systems for the manufacture of marine vessels greater than 50 m in length. The effect of immersion in deionised water and in an organic liquid (diesel) on the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and glass transition temperature (Tg) was determined. The thermoplastic had the highest Tg of all materials tested and comparable ILSS properties to the epoxy. Immersion in water, however, caused larger reductions in ILSS properties of the thermoplastic compared to the other systems. SEM showed a transition from matrix-dominated failure in the dry condition to failure at the fibre-matrix interface in the wet and organic-wet specimens. The overall performance of the infusible thermoplastic is good when compared to well-established marine resin systems; however, the environmental performance could be improved if the thermoplastic resin is used in conjunction with a fibre sizing that is tailored for use with acrylic-based resin systems.

A comparative study on the interlaminar shear strength of S-glass/epoxy composites containing borax, perlite and sewage sludge ash particles

In this study, the influence of borax (Bx), perlite (Pr), and sewage sludge ash (SSA) particle inclusion on interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) properties of S-glass/epoxy composites was experimentally investigated. The purpose of current study was to examine the effects of particle content and type of the fillers on ILSS properties with analyzing interfacial bonding and agglomeration aspects. The properties of ILSS were characterized by using the short beam shear (SBS) test procedures in accordance with ASTM D2344 standard. Epoxy resin was used as main toughening material, and it was modified with incorporating micro-scale particles of Bx, Pr and SSA at different weight ratios between epoxy and filler. The weight contents for the Bx and SSA fillers were in the ratios of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%, while the weight contents of the Pr filler were 0, 1, 3, 5, 10 wt%. Experimental results from SBS tests confirmed that incorporation of Bx filler exhibited the highest ILSS value with 44.6% improvement at 10 wt% when comparing unmodified GFRP samples as a result of particle bridging effects. For other types of the fillers, the highest improvements in ILSS values were recorded as 29.1% at 10 wt% and 42.6% at 1 wt% for SSA and Pr fillers, respectively.